The enzymes from mammals and from yeast are phosphorylated by (2R)-2,3-diphosphoglycerate, which is also an intermediate. Also catalyze, slowly, the reactions of EC 5.4.2.4. With the rabbit muscle enzyme, dissociation of bisphosphate from the enzyme is much slower that the overall isomerization. Enzymes from wheat, rice, insects and some fungi, however, have maximum activity in the absence of 2,3-diphospho-phosphoglycerate, and were formerly listed under the present number as phospho- glycerate phosphomutase.

Phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1) and bisphosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.4) are structurally related enzymes which catalyze reactions involving the transfer of phospho groups between the three carbon atoms of phosphoglycerate. Both enzymes can catalyze three different reactions, although in different proportions:

- The isomerization of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) as the primer of the reaction.

- The synthesis of 2,3-DPG from 1,3-DPG with 3-PGA as a primer.

- The degradation of 2,3-DPG to 3-PGA (phosphatase EC 3.1.3.13 activity).

In mammals, PGAM is a dimeric protein. There are two isoforms of PGAM: the M (muscle) and B (brain) forms. In yeast, PGAM is a tetrameric protein. BPGM is a dimeric protein and is found mainly in erythrocytes where it plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity as a consequence of controlling 2,3-DPG concentration. The catalytic mechanism of both PGAM and BPGM involves the formation of a phosphohistidine intermediate.

The bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase / fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (EC 2.7.1.105 and EC 3.1.3.46) (PF2K) catalyzes both the synthesis and the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PF2K is an important enzyme in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Like PGAM/BPGM, the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase reaction involves a phosphohistidine intermediate and the phosphatase domain of PF2K is structurally related to PGAM/BPGM. The bacterial enzyme alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate phosphatase which is involved in cobalamin biosynthesis also belongs to this family. Aa signature pattern around the phosphohistidine residue was built.
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